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Definition of the Biology Prefix Eu-

Meaning of the Biology Prefix Eu- The prefix (eu-) implies great, well, charming or valid. It is gotten from the Greek eu having good int...

Thursday, August 27, 2020

Definition of the Biology Prefix Eu-

Meaning of the Biology Prefix Eu- The prefix (eu-) implies great, well, charming or valid. It is gotten from the Greek eu having good intentions and eus meaning great. Models Eubacteria (eu-microscopic organisms) - realm in the microorganisms area. Microscopic organisms are viewed as obvious microorganisms, recognizing them from archaebacteria. Eucalyptus (eu-calyptus) - a variety of evergreen tree, normally called gum trees, that are utilized for wood, oil, and gum. They are so named on the grounds that their blossoms are well (eu-) secured (calyptus) by a defensive top. Euchromatin (eu-chroma-tin) - a less smaller type of chromatin found in the cell core. Chromatin decondenses to permit DNA replication and interpretation to happen. It is called genuine chromatin since it is the dynamic area of the genome. Eudiometer (eu-dio-meter) - an instrument intended to test the decency of air. It is utilized to gauge gas volumes in synthetic responses. Euglena (eu-glena) - single-celled protists with a genuine core (eukaryote) that have attributes of both plant and creature cells. Euglobulin (eu-globulin) - a class of proteins known as evident globulins since they are dissolvable in saline arrangements however insoluble in water. Eukaryote (eu-kary-ote) - living being with cells containing a genuine film bound core. Eukaryotic cells incorporate creature cells, plant cells, growths and protists. Eupepsia (eu-pepsia) - portrays great absorption due to having the suitable measure of pepsin (gastric protein) in gastric juice. Euphenics (eu-phenics) - the act of making physical or natural changes so as to address a hereditary issue. The term implies great appearance and the method includes rolling out phenotypic improvements that dont modify a people genotype. Musicality (eu-fake) - pleasing sounds that are satisfying to the ear. Euphotic (eu-photic) - identifying with the zone or layer of a waterway that is sufficiently bright and gets enough daylight for photosynthesis to happen in plants. Euplasia (eu-plasia) - the typical condition or condition of cells and tissues. Euploid (eu-ploid) - having the right number of chromosomes that compares to a precise various of the haploid number in an animal groups. Diploid cells in people have 46 chromosomes, which is double the number found in the haploid gametes. Eupnea (eu-pnea) - great or typical breathing that is some of the time alluded to as calm or unlabored relaxing. Eurythermal (eu-ry-warm) - being able to endure a wide scope of natural temperatures. Eurythmic (eu-rythmic) - having an agreeable or satisfying musicality. Eustress (eu-stress) - a sound or great degree of stress that is viewed as valuable. Willful extermination (eu-thanasia) - the act of completion a real existence so as to lighten enduring or torment. The word truly implies a decent demise. Euthyroid (eu-thyroid) - the state of having a well working thyroid organ. Interestingly, having an overactive thyroid is known as hyperthyroidism and having an underactive thyroid is known as hypothyroidism. Eutrophy (eu-trophy) - the condition of being sound or having even nourishment and improvement. Euvolemia (eu-vol-emia) - the condition of having the correct measure of blood or liquid volume in the body.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Christianity and Islam Essay Example for Free

Christianity and Islam Essay Christianity and Islam are two critical Religions on the planet today. In spite of the fact that they celebrate altogether different things, a portion of the things they celebrate are fundamentally the same as. There are numerous contrasts between the two religions overwhelmingly with the manner in which they praise celebrations. Then again the standards that the two religions follow are very comparative. Christianity remains as the most far reaching religion with more than 2 billion supporters. Christians accept that there has just been one God and he is the person who made everything on the earth today. The fundamental celebrations that Catholics celebrate are Lent, Easter and Christmas. In Christianity these celebrations are groundbreaking and are constantly celebrated. The explanation for why Christians praise these celebrations is on the grounds that it reminds Christians the manner in which Jesus carried on with his life up to when he died. In the Christian Religion there are diverse otherworldly pioneers beginning with the Pope, Priests, Bishops and Jesus. Christians go to Churches to appeal to God and approach him for specific things however above all to celebrate noteworthy days on the Catholic schedule. Islam started around 600AD in the Arabian Peninsula. The Islam people group puts stock in one God called Allah. Islam was uncovered to the prophet Mohammad in Mecca which is presently current Saudi Arabia. The key celebrations that the Islamic people group celebrate are called Ramadan which praises the endowment of the Koran, Eid-al-Fitr which commends the main day after Ramadan has been finished, Dhu Al-Hijia and finally the Eid-al-adha which is the celebration of Sacrifice which happens multi day after the consummation of Ramadan. Mohammad is a significant person with regards to the historical backdrop of Islam. He was the primary individual to ever be uncovered to Islam and after his demise numerous individuals started to follow Islam. His passing assembled more individuals and a more extensive network started to have faith in the Religion of Islam. The Islamic people group rehearses the five mainstays of Islam which are Shahadah, Salaah, Zakat, Saum and Hajj. Debris Wednesday is the start of a 40 period which is called Lent. It is significant in light of the fact that we follow Jesus’ venture in the desert where he had to quick for 40 days. The hour of Ash Wednesday turns out to be fairly adaptable as the date changes in the Liturgical Calendar. Sundays are not tallied during the hour of Lent which praises the Resurrection. Loaned is a period of soul-looking and atonement. Generally on Ash Wednesday, Christians go to a mass where remains are put on their temple as a sign or regret and grieving. They are additionally the image of ability to set themselves up for the occasions which lead Easter. During Lent, Christians swear off eating certain nourishments which they want every day. In the Western Church, Christians tend to surrender meat. The term ‘fasting’ is an individual demonstration of dedication to God. It likewise encourages us recollect God. Swearing off something that you appreciate is intended to carry you clo ser to God and causes you become a superior Christian. Likewise during Lent, the Catholic Church urges Christians to offer back to the network or the whole way across the world by giving spare change or apparel to help the less blessed. Ramadan is a timeframe to keep away from eating during sunshine hours of the day; this is just for individuals with a Muslim foundation. It is essential to the Muslim people group since it was where God announced the Koran to the prophet Mohammed. Ramadan happens during the Ninth month of the lunar schedule when another moon is happening. The fasting time of Ramadan is very extraordinary contrasted with the fasting time of Lent. In Ramadan, the Muslim people group it is just allowed for individuals to eat and drink during Sunrise and afterward break their quick by eating dates just again at nightfall. In addition to the fact that they abstain from eating during specific times, they don't smoke, they go without sex, and dedicate an entire month to their Religion. Muslims think that its extremely hard to not eat during the day, particularly moms with more youthful youngsters. These troubles emerge when you are ravenous and planning nourishment for more youthful kids as you become entic ed into eating. Not every person in the Muslim people group need to shun eating, youngsters that have not hit pubescence, pregnant ladies or breastfeeding ladies, individuals who are wiped out or individuals who are on an excursion. Ramadan is intended to carry them closer to Allah, fortify their determination and poise and is a trial of self-control and confidence. Christianity, Lent, Islam and Ramadan are fundamentally the same as in light of the fact that their convictions and celebrations are fundamentally the same as one another in spite of the fact that their Religions are altogether different. The things which the Muslim people group have faith in are shockingly like what Christians put stock in moreover.

Friday, August 21, 2020

Christian Essay Topics - How to Write Christian Essays Using Top Notch Sources

Christian Essay Topics - How to Write Christian Essays Using Top Notch SourcesWriting Christian essay topics will depend on your topic, the style you want to use and how long you want the essay to be. I'm going to share some tips with you that will make writing an essay on this topic easier. Hopefully you will find it a little bit easier to create your own topics to use when you need to write a Christian essay.The first thing you should think about when you are trying to come up with a Christian topic is what subject you are going to write about. There are so many different subjects that you can use to write about. However, you should pick a topic that is interesting to you or at least a topic that you like and that you have a lot of knowledge about. Something like 'Christian music' would be a good topic for an essay, if you are writing about Christian music because you know so much about this subject.When you start choosing a topic, you should also consider where you will take your essay. You should look at where you want to take your essay and decide how you want to format your essay. Do you want to just put all of your thoughts down in one big document? If so, then you could do an outline and cut it up to create your document.When you decide on a topic for your Christian essay you should also decide on a name for your document. It doesn't have to be anything fancy, but it should be something that you feel comfortable with. I suggest calling it something that will be easy to read. This will help your writing a lot since it is easier to read and you will have it out of your head while you are writing.Once you have chosen your topic and you have a name for your document, you can move on to finding the topics for your Christian essay topics. There are hundreds of topics that you can choose from, but you can'tbe choosy. You should find a topic that will be good for you and that you know a lot about. Your topic should relate to a particular subject you are writing about and it should interest you.Another important thing to keep in mind when writing essay topics for your Christian topic is to make sure that your topic will be interesting to the reader. In order to do this you will have to provide enough information about your topic to make it easy for your reader to see why they should learn more about the topic. I recommend having a page or two to go into depth about your topic because you don't want to overwhelm the reader with too much information.When you are looking for Christian essay topics, it's also good to make sure that your essay is grammatically correct. People will usually judge a document based on the grammar, so you want to make sure that you can get a good grade. If you can't grade your own work, then make sure you ask a friend to grade it for you. This will allow you to grade your work with someone else and to see if you can catch any errors.There are tons of ways to write Christian essay topics, but these are a few tips tha t you should keep in mind when writing them. If you follow these tips, then you should be able to get your essays completed a lot quicker.

Monday, May 25, 2020

Say Yes to Gun Control - 1144 Words

Say Yes to Gun Control What would make you feel safer? Walking down the streets knowing that people can carry guns around willingly or knowing that people cannot carry guns willingly and that there are strict rules and regulations for having a gun? I would go with the second option. America has some of the highest rated gun related crimes and homicides. If you erase the option people being able to own guns, maybe there will be less gun related incidents. Yes you can still be able to get guns from places but it will also limit the list of people with guns. Guns don’t kill people, people kill people. It takes action and movement to pull that trigger. It takes even more action to pick up and hold that gun and point it at someone. In†¦show more content†¦Gun control has been effective recently. There was a decline in gun crime from 1990 to 2000s due to the banned of assault weapons (Ballaro 2). Now a days the main cause of African Americans are due to the crimes caused in the streets (Reiss and Roth 1993). The reason for these deaths is mainly due to guns in the project areas also gang related activates. â€Å"A 1997 survey of more than 18,000 prison inmates found that among those serving time for a violent crime† (Agresti and Reid 1).30% of State offenders and 35% of Federal offenders carried a firearm when committing the crime (Agresti and Reid 1). With numbers these large, it’s enough proof to say that most criminals and crimes either own a gun at least. Not putting the fact they might use it for the crime into account. Gun control would prevent these criminals from getting a gun much more than the current rules and regulations we have right now. In addition, did you know in 2008, more than sixteen thousand crimes and murders occurred in the United States (Agresti and Reid 1)? And more than ten thousand of those crimes and murders were due to firearms (Agresti and Reid 1). Also at this rate, if gun control does not take effect and become stricter, the rate of Americans getting murdered by firearms will be over two hundred per year (Agresti and Reid 2). That is why gun control will also make it tougher for anyone to just get or buy a gun. Doing things such as back ground checking and having a waitingShow MoreRelatedElection Of 1860 And 2016 Divided Our Country Essay1500 Words   |  6 Pagessometimes change. Clinton’s views on gun control is that she will let gun manufacturer’s get sued, she’ll balance lawful gun ownership and keep guns away from criminals (isn’t that smart?) She will give local police access to federal gun tracking information, she’ll let states and cities determine local g un laws, and she is against illegal guns, she wants to crack down on illegal gun dealers, right now it seems like she is stating the obvious. She also wants to keep guns away from people who shouldn’tRead MoreWhy Should Guns Be Banned949 Words   |  4 PagesWhy and why not ban guns? Guns have been in our lives even before the immigrants colonized the United States, but in the past few years, there have been many shootings. There have been reasons for why they happen like illness and mass murder, but some people just think that guns have been the main reason behind the shooting. Most all people believe that guns are always the problem. But as people don’t know what should or is going to happen to guns in America over time. As more shooting happensRead MoreThe Violation Of The Word Militia Essay1528 Words   |  7 Pagesbehind many measures in gun control, says the embarrassing second amendment empowers people to want to own guns to protect themselves. Some of the American historians believe that the use of the word militia is not meant for a specific group of people like the military, but rather it is meant for the American people as a whole. The Second Amendment, like all of the other amendments, must be read along with the constitution (The Embarrassi ng Second Amendment p. 1). Gun rights activists really likeRead MoreThe Crime Rates Of Murder And Suicide1018 Words   |  5 PagesStamper Class: GE102 Date: November 18, 2015 â€Å"Gun Control in America† The crime rates of murder and suicide is increasing due to guns being handled by different people in our society. Should the American government enforce new gun control laws in our country? This topic matters because gun control will make the country a safer place to live in. However, some people believe that gun control will take over citizen’s rights and isn’t a great idea. Gun control should be enforced by the government becauseRead MoreThe Crime Rates Of Murder And Suicide1018 Words   |  5 PagesStamper Class: GE102 Date: November 18, 2015 â€Å"Gun Control in America† The crime rates of murder and suicide is increasing due to guns being handled by different people in our society. Should the American government enforce new gun control laws in our country? This topic matters because gun control will make the country a safer place to live in. However, some people believe that gun control will take over citizen’s rights and isn’t a great idea. Gun control should be enforced by the government becauseRead MoreIs The Government Restricting Our Rights?1077 Words   |  5 Pages Is The Government Limiting Our Rights â€Å"If we ever forget we are one nation under god, then we will be a nation gone under† - Ronald Reagan. Gun control, free speech and social media, some of the most controversial topics of this century, many believe they limit our rights, others think they’re useless and need to be gotten rid of. I, on the other hand, just think they’re exaggerated. Our government may be corrupt in some places, and really almost any spot of power or wealth is corruptRead Moregun control research essay1222 Words   |  5 Pages ProCon.org recently featured an article that studied gun control. â€Å"Stricter state gun laws associated with fewer gun deaths, study finds.† The article discussed gun control laws in states with stricter laws tend to have lower rates of gun related homicides, and a suicide (ProCon para. 1) Gun control in the United States is becoming a wide spread issue and is becoming a problem everywhere. Although I am living in a city with uprising crime that has been skyrocketing over the years, I wasn’t awareRead More Gun Control Essay1065 Words   |  5 Pages Gun Control Throughout America there is the constant debate concerning the second amendment or the right to bare arms. One day an innocent kid walking home from school gets shot in a drive by shooting is he just a victim of circumstance or could this of been easily prevented. There are lobbyist for the private ownership of guns and lobbyist for legislation to ban personal possession of guns for good. In this paper I hope that just maybe I can persuade you to think differently on a topic that’sRead More Private Gun Ownership Should NOT be Banned Essays1056 Words   |  5 PagesWould you choose to own a gun if your life depended on it? America has defended itself with guns since December 13, 1631 when the National Guard was born. We are a country that defends what we love. What do we defend ourselves with? Guns of course. Guns and America were discovered around the same time. Guns will forever be a part of America. Without guns the American Revolution would not have been won (Boehm). There have been some times in American history where guns have caused the loss ofRead MoreEssay On Teenage Gun Violence1314 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Teenage gun violence is on the rise. Gun violence has become a major problem for America. We have more privately owned guns than any other country. This could be one of the reasons that guns are being used by teens, because of the access they have to guns. The availability of guns to our youth is making the world unsafe. Although lawmakers are working on gun control laws, I wonder is the problem too far gone. Social Welfare Issue: Teenage Gun Violence Teenage gun violence is caused by individuals

Friday, May 15, 2020

A Study on the Warehouse Space Management - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 20 Words: 6051 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/09/22 Category Advertising Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Study Essay Did you like this example? A STUDY ON THE WAREHOUSE SPACE MANAGEMENT IN ST. JOHN CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION (CFS) PARK A project work submitted to Madurai Kamaraj University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration BY Mohammed Arief Shafras. A (Reg. no: A6900274) Under the guidance of Mr. RM. Somasundaram [pic] Thiagarajar School of Management Thiruparankundram Madurai – 625 009 January February 2008 DECLARATION I hereby declare that this project titled â€Å"A PROJECT ON THE WAREHOUSE SPACE MANAGEMENT IN ST. JOHN CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION (CFS) PARK† was conducted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration; No part of this study is either published or submitted elsewhere for the award of any degree. MADURAI DATE: (Mohammed Arief Shafras. A) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I put forth my heart and soul to thank The Almighty for being with me all through my achieveme nts, success and failures. I express my sincere and whole hearted gratitude to the management of St. John Freight System Ltd, for giving me a opportunity to pursue a valuable project. I take privilege to thank Mrs. Lakshmi. K Dean – MBA (Full Time), for the encouragement and facilities provided to complete this project work. I extend my deep sense of gratitude to Mr. David Raja, general manager, St. John Freight System Ltd, for his interest, valuable guidance and moral support for the project. I wish to thank my internal guide, TSM for his valuable suggestion and guidance throughout the project. It is with feelings of profound thankfulness and gratitude I acknowledge the valuable guidance rendered to me by those who contributed directly or indirectly to this project by providing exactly the kind of help needed in shaping it. I express my love and gratitude to all my family members and friends for motivating and guiding me in many ways during the course of the project. M ohammed Arief Shafras. A BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the project work titled â€Å"A STUDY ON THE WAREHOUSE SPACE MANAGEMENT IN ST. JOHN CONTAINER FREIGHT STATION (CFS) PARK† is a bonafide work done by Mr. A. Mohammed Arief Shafras in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of Master of Business Administration of Madurai Kamaraj University under my guidance. To the best of my knowledge this is his original effort. Dr. M. NAGARAJU Mr. Mr. RM. Somasundaram PRINCIPAL FACULTY GUIDE Lists of charts: |Chart No. |TITLE |Page No. | |4. 1 |Chart representing the utilization bay floor space, number of columns in each which are more than and|14 | | |less than height of 1. 90 meters. | |4. 2 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘A’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |16 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 3 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘B’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |17 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘C’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |18 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 5 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay’ D’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |19 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘E’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |20 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 7 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘F’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |21 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘G’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for |22 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 9 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘H’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for |23 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |Chart No. TITLE |Page No. | |4. 10 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay I Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for the|24 | | |Past Six Months on a Particular Day. | | |4. 11 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘J’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |25 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 2 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘K’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |26 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day. | | |4. 13 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘M’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |27 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 4 |Chart Representing the Number of Times Bay ‘N’ Series and Bay New’ has been Utilized on a Particular|28 | | |Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 15 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘O’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for |29 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 6 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘K’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for |30 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day. | | |4. 17 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘Q’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for |31 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | 4. 18 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘X’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |32 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |Chart No. |TITLE |Page No. | |4. 9 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘Y’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for |33 | | |the Past Six Months on a Particular Day | | |4. 20 |Chart Representing the Number of Times the goods arrived to the war ehouse on weekdays on the Past Six|34 | | |Months | | |4. 1 |Chart Representing Total number of Full Container Load (FCL) and Less Than Container Load (LCL) |35 | | |stuffed in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 | | |4. 22 |Chart Representing Number of Full Container load and Less Than Container load stuffed on a weekday |36 | | |days in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 | | |4. 3 |Chart Representing the variety of container stuffed as Full Container load and Less Than Container |37 | | |Load stuffed in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 | | |4. 24 |Chart Representing the Variety of Container Stuffed on the Weekdays on the Past Six Months |38 | Lists of Table |Table No. |TITLE |Page No. |4. 1 |Table representing the unused bay floor space, number of columns in each which are more than and less|15 | | |than height of 1. 90 meters and the total number of the columns in each bay. | | |4. 2 |Table Representing the Number of Times the goods arrived to the warehouse on weekdays on the Past Six|34 | | |Months | | |4. |Table representing total number of Full Container Load (FCL) and Less Than Container Load (LCL) |35 | | |stuffed in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 | | |4. 4 |Table representing number of Full Container load and Less Than Container load stuffed on a weekday |36 | | |days in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 | | |4. |Table representing the variety of container stuffed as Full Container load and Less Than Container |37 | | |Load stuffed in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 | | |4. 6 |Table representing the variety of container stuffed on the weekdays on the past six months |38 | |4. 7 |Table representing number of days, some packages stored on the warehouse, which are stuffed during |39 | | |03/01/2008 to 10/01/2008. | Chapter I Introduction 1. 1. Corporate Profile St. John Freight Systems Ltd, established as a firm in 1979, incorporated as a private limited company in 1991 and converted into a public limited company in 1996. Their major businesses are, †¢ Customs Broking †¢ Freight Forwarding †¢ Container Yard †¢ Container Freight Station †¢ Stevedoring Terminal Operations †¢ Liner Feeder Vessel Agency †¢ Charting Agency †¢ Fumigation Service. As a forwarder, St. John has handle over 45,000 Teus of Exports, EX-India per annum to various Countries. They have their Corporate Office at Tuticorin (India) and 22 branches and 35 offices in India and four overseas offices in Singapore, Felixstowe(U. K), New Jersey (USA) Antwerp (Belgium). St. John is one of the prominent market leaders in the field of â€Å"Logistics Service Provider† their Customers / Clients include leading reputed corporate entities, Business Industrial Houses / Multi National Companies (MNCs) in India Overseas as well. Apart from these, St. John has many â€Å"Firsts† t o its Credit, be it the First Private CFS to Bag the ISO Rating/ Recognition. First CFS in India Certified to ISO 9002 standards by BVQI later on ISO-9001-2000 Standards by DNV. St. JOHN CFS PARK The latest addition to St. Johns impressive List of Strategic Business Units is the CFS, a â€Å"State of the Art† CFS Park, which is built as per conforming to International Standards at Tuticorin, situated on the Harbour Express Way, within 8 km, distance leading to the Tuticorin Port, covering 156,000 sq. ft of Warehouse space, including â€Å"bonding† facility, sprawling over 60 acres (0. 0 hectares) including â€Å"Open-Bonding† facility, with fully ‘automated† Electronic Data Interchange (EDI) Facility, supported by adequate infrastructure facilities, including Heavy Equipments, fleet of Heavy Vehicles on 24 hours/ 7 day week service provision. The concept of Container Freight Station has been conceived with the view to de-congest the Port. The C FS is nothing but an extension of Port only. SPECIAL FEATURES OF ST. JOHN CFS PARK †¢ Pioneer Private CFS Operator in the Tuticorin Port area and in existence since 1995, India’s First CFS to be certified ISO 9002 – Standards by BVQI. A total covered warehouse space of 1,56,000 Sq. ft consisting of 95,000 Sq. ft for exports, 45,000 Sq. ft. for import warehousing 16,000 Sq. ft. for import bonded warehouse and built with American Kirby Pre-engineered materials. †¢ All handling Equipments such as one Top Lifter, one Reach Stacker, three cranes, 51 Trailers with prime movers and nine Fork Lifts are owned and maintained by in house technicians and hence, reliability and safety of containers, cargo and personnel. In order to keep pace with International Norms/Standards, our Fork Lifts are Gas Driven to meet â€Å"Eco-Friendly Pollution-free† standards. The 150,000 Sq. ft area of container stacking yard is floored with interlocking blocks and hence, ample s pace for safe stacking and storage of Import containers. †¢ Operations all 7 days and three shifts a day and hence, operations are undertaken on a round the clock basis. †¢ On site processing of documents is done using the Indian Customs EDI Scheme. †¢ A Custom made CFS System enables on line tracking of cargo details. †¢ High quality International standard security arrangements ensure security of cargo. †¢ Administrative block of about 12000 Sq. t which is exclusively marked for Customs, cafeteria, Business center, Bank, Insurance Counter, CFS Customers and administrative office. †¢ CFS located on the Harbour Express Road, distance of 8 kms from Port Green Gate and hence haulage cost is minimized. †¢ Experienced and reputed surveyors. †¢ Overall infrastructure created on an international standard. †¢ Adequate Insurance coverage. †¢ Faster delivery and hence, better vehicle turnaround time. Bay Layout in Export Warehouse of St. John CFS Park [pic] The Export Warehouse of St. John CFS Park contains 308 bays. There are supervisor to manage and to take care of the packages stored in the bays. Each supervisor takes care of eight bays. These supervisors manage packages from about ten Custom House Agent/ Forwarder. Packages handled by the particular Custom House Agent/ Forwarder showed be unloaded on the particular bays through the entry point near the particular bay. The bay series ‘A’ and ‘B’ are allocated to store pallet packages. Apart from these bay there is an additional bay labeled as ‘NEW’. Other than the bay ‘NEW’ all other bay has a minimum storage volume is 30 CBM (Container Base Measurement). CBM = Length * Breadth * Height * Total No. of Packages) 1. 2. About the topic Warehousing is an integral part of every logistics capability. The basic functions of warehouse are movement, storage, and information transfer. A major objective is to provide an idea l product flow and acceptable level of service between the producer and the customer by designated locations with varying inventory levels based on local demand. An Export and Import warehouse provide transit storage facilities for goods awaiting onward movement facilities for break bulk, packaging, inspection, marking etc. Import warehouse also provide customs bonding facilities of deferred payment of duty. Many function of this type of warehouse is storage of goods which are awaiting onward movements, for such kind of warehouse efficient utilization of the floor space is more important. As our Indian economy is booming which results in higher mobilization of goods will be higher with rest of the world. Therefore there will be a higher inflow and outflow of goods. This high traffic of goods could be managed only by the efficient utilization of the floor space. . 3. Implication of the Study This project will help the company to know, how efficient the floor space of the warehouse is utilized. This project will help the company to identify the reasons for the inefficient usage of floor space, if there is an inefficient usage of the floor space has been found. This study also helps the company to know about the pattern of package inflow, stuffing and the usage of bays on weekdays. 1. 4. Scope of the study This study is carried out on St. JOHN CFS PARK of St. John Freight Systems Ltd. The scope of the study covers the storage warehouse which used to store export goods. This study does not include the Custom House Agent/ Forwarder. 1. 4. Need for the study The Indian Export/Import sector is riding high on the booming Indian economy. Optimum utilization of the available infrastructure, which aides the export/import sector is the need of the hour. Warehouse Space Management has a crucial role to play. There is a limited space available in the warehouse; hence the efficient usage of the available floor space was the need of the hour for the company. Chapter II LITERATURE REVIEW 1. Logistical Management – The Integrated Supply Chain Process†, Donal J. Bowersox and David J. Closs Warehouse Management Warehouse is typically viewed as a place to store inventory. However, in many logistics system designs, the role of the warehouse is more properly viewed as a switching facility as contrasted to a storage facility. Storage has always been an important aspect of economic development. In the early stages of its expansion, the United Sates consisted of individual households that functioned as self-sufficient economic units. Consumers performed storage and accepted the attendant risks. Meats were kept in smokehouses, and perishable products were protected in underground food cellars. As transportation capability developed, it became possible to engage in economic specialization. Product storage was shifted from households to retailers, wholesalers, and manufacturers. In the earlier era firms seeking to operate effectively between points of procurement, manufacturing and consumption gave little attention to internal warehouse operations. The establishment of warehouses was essential for survival, but little emphasis was placed on improving storage and handling effectiveness. Engineering efforts were centered on manufacturing problems. Operation of early warehouses illustrated the lack of concern with material-handling principles. The typical warehouse received merchandise by railcar or truck. The items were moved manually to a storage area within the warehouse and hand-piled in stacks on the floor. When different product was stored in the same warehouse merchandise were continually lost. Stock rotation was handled poorly. When customer orders were received, products were handpicked for placement on wagons. The wagons or carts were then pushed to the shipping area where the merchandise was reassembled and hand-loaded onto delivery trucks. Following the World War II, managerial attention shifted toward i ncreasing warehouse efficiency. Management began to question the need for so many warehouses. In the distributive industries such as wholesaling and retailing, it was not unusual for every sales territory to have a dedicated warehouse and inventory. As forecasting and production scheduling techniques improved, the need for extensive inventory buildup was reduced. Production became more coordinated as a time delays during the manufacturing process decreased. Seasonal production still required warehousing, but overall need for storage to support manufacturing was reduced. Changing requirement of the retail environment resulted in a need to utilize warehouses to provide timely and economical inventory assortments to retailers. At the wholesale level of the channel of distribution, the warehouse became a support unit for retailing. Progressive wholesalers and integrated retailers developed state-of-the-art warehouse systems capable of providing necessary retail support. Improvemen ts in wholesale warehousing efficiency related to retailing soon were adopted in manufacturing. Warehouse became an integral part of JIT and stockless production strategies. Using consolidation shipments, products are purchased and transported to the supply warehouse and the distributed to manufacturing plants as needed. When fully integrated, the warehouse is a vital extension of manufacturing. On the outbound side of manufacturing, warehouses created the possibility of direct customer shipment of mixed products. The capability to provide factory direct mixed product shipments appealed to marketers because it enhanced service capability. For the customer, direct mixed shipments have two specific advantages. †¢ Logistic cost reduced because full product assortment can be delivered while also taking advantages of the benefits to consolidated transportation †¢ Inventory of the slow moving products can be reduced because they can be received in small qualities as part of c onsolidation. As the level of competition in the market place increases manufactures capable of rapidly providing direct mixed shipments gain a competitive advantage. During the 1960’s and 1970’s emphasis in warehousing focused on application of new technology. Technology based improvements affected almost every area of warehouse operation created new and better techniques and procedure to perform storage and handling activities. In 1980’s the central focus was on improved configuration of warehouse system and handling technologies During the 1990’s the primary focus of warehousing is flexibility and effective use of technology. Flexibility is necessary to respond to expanding the customer demand in terms of products and shipment profiles. Advanced information technology offers some of this flexibility by allowing warehouse operators to quickly react to changes and measure performance under wide range of conditions. 2. â€Å"BIM and Facilities Mana gement†- AUTODESK ® REVIT ® BUILDING INFORMATION MODELING DWF-based Space Management DWF is a technology platform developed by Autodesk to distribute and communicate design information, without losing critical data and without the recipient needing to know or even have the native design software. In that framework, Autodesk FMDesktop reads DWFs published from Revit and automatically interprets space and room data, without the FMDesktop user needing to know or even have Revit software. The benefits of using BIM (Building Information Modeling) during building design have been well-publicized and are fueling its adoption rate amongst architects worldwide transforming their drawing-based processes to model-based processes. The benefits of using information from a building model for facilities management are likewise ompelling fueling the discussion surrounding building lifecycle management and nudging facilities management towards model-based processes. 3. â€Å"BENCHMAR KING WAREHOUSE PERFORMANCE STUDY†- Summary of Results for Data Collected through April 2006 for Internet-based Data Envelopment Analysis for Warehousing-Leon F. McGinnis, Andrew Johnson Monica Villarreal. iDEAs-W is a tool developed to help warehouse managers understand and benchmark the performance of their warehouses. The iDEAs tool is a free service provided by the Keck Virtual Factory Lab at the Georgia Institute of Technology, and is accessed by pointing a browser to https://www2. sye. gatech. edu/ideas/. The tool is based on a generic performance model of warehousing developed by Hackman et al. (2001) and produces a system efficiency estimate considering several warehouse resources and several warehouse services. The tool uses a mathematical technique called data envelopment analysis to determine a relative efficiency by comparing a single warehouse to the best possible performance estimated from a set of peer warehouses. By April 2006, there were 390 warehouses that ha d complete input and output data. After completing outlier detection, 216 warehouses were used to complete this study. However, not all the 216 warehouses answered every question about practices and attributes. The results of this study should be read with the understanding the presence or absence of a few data points can influence the conclusions for a particular analysis. Chapter III Methodology 1. Objectives 1. Primary Objectives †¢ To Study the Space Management System Followed in the Export warehouse of St. John Container Freight Station (CFS) Park. †¢ To find out the utilization of the floor space of bay in the warehouse. 2. Secondary Objective †¢ To study the pattern of packages inflow on weekdays. To study the pattern of stuffing of packages on weekdays. †¢ To study the usage of bays on weekdays. 3. 2. Research Design Research Design is a master plan specifying the methods and procedures for collecting and analyzing the needed information. Research Desi gn followed in this study is Exploratory Research. 3. 2. 1 Sampling Sampling is the act, process, or technique of selecting a suitable sample, or a representative part of a population for the purpose of determining parameters or characteristics of the whole population. 3. 2. 1. 1 Sample Size: †¢ Measurement of packages stored in 21 bays. Carting Order has been taken for the period of six months from August 2007. †¢ Container Inwards has been taken for the period of six months from August 2007. †¢ Gate Pass for container has been taken for the period of January 3rd to January 10th 2007. 3. 2. 1. 2 Sampling Method: The method of sampling used for the study is Judgment Sampling. Judgment Sampling is a non-probability sampling technique in which an experienced individual to select the sample based upon his/her judgment about some appropriate characteristic required of the sample members. Characteristic of the sample taken: The bay which are full of packages and no more packages could placed are take as samples. 3. 2. 2 Data collection: 3. 2. 2. 1 Primary Data: Primary Data are data gathered and assembled specifically for the study at hand. In this research, Direct Observation is used in this study to collect the measurement of packages. 3. 2. 2. 2 Secondary Data: Data that are collected from published or unpublished sources are known as Secondary data. To study the Space Management in the Warehouse of St. John CFS Park researcher have collected the secondary data from the company database. . 2. 3. Tools for Analysis: The tools used for analysis are, †¢ Bar chart. †¢ Pie Char. †¢ Cross tabulation. †¢ Percentage chart. 3. 2. 4. Limitation of the Study: Temporal: Study is limited to the period of 45 days. Specific: †¢ The study is limited to Export storage warehouse in St. John CFS Park. †¢ This study does not include the Export storage warehouse used to store Tyres. Chapter IV Analysis and Interpretation: 4. 1. Analysi s and Interpretation of the primary data collected for the Study on Warehouse Space Management in St. John CFS Park. 4. 1. 1. Chart representing he utilization bay floor space, number of columns in each which are more than and less than height of 1. 90 meters. Chart No. : 4. 1 [pic] 4. 1. 2. Table representing the unused bay floor space, number of columns in each which are more than and less than height of 1. 90 meters and the total number of the columns in each bay. Table No. : 4. 1. [pic] (CBM – Container Base Measurement) Inference From the above chart and table it could be inferred that the bay X08 floor space is used more than minimum utilization space (30 CBM), 100% of the columns in these bays are above the height 1. 0 meters. The bay E10, G06, H08, G08, O06 and F05 has more unused floor space and all the columns in these bays are of height less than 1. 90 meter. Bay E10 have 33 columns and all the 33 columns are of height less than 1. 90 meters. Bay E10 has the more u nused space of about 24 CBM. Bay X05 and F05 also have more unused floor space about 16 CBM 4. 2. Analysis and interpretation of secondary data collected. 4. 2. 1. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘A’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 2. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bay which are closer to the point are most frequently used. 4. 2. 2. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘B’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 3. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bay B01 and B12 which are closer to the point are most frequently used. . 2. 3. Chart Rep resenting the Number of Times the Bay ‘C’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 4. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bays which are closer to the point are most frequently used. Bay which are much interior are not used frequently. 4. 2. 4. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay’ D’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. 4. 5. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bays which are closer to the point are most frequently used. 4. 2. 5. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘E’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Part icular Day Chart No. : 4. 6. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Bay E08, E09 and E10 are not used frequently. 4. 2. . Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘F’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 7. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bays which are closer to the point are most frequently used. 4. 2. 7. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘G’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 8. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bays which are closer to the point are most frequen tly used. 4. 2. 8. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘H’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 9. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bays which are closer to the point are most frequently used. H05 bay is used less frequently. 4. 2. 9. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay I Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. 4. 10. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays I07 to I14 are used frequently compared to the bays I01 to I06. The bay I06 is used less. The bays are used frequently on Friday. 4. 2. 10. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘J’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 11. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bay J01 is used more frequently on all the days. Bay J06 is used less. 4. 2. 11. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘K’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 12. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Monday and Friday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bay K01 is used more frequently on all days. Some of the bays are all used frequently on Wednesday. 4. 2. 12. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘M’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 13. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that most of the bays are used less. Bay M05 is used more frequently. On Wednesday it was used most frequently. 4. 2. 13. Chart Representing the Number of Times Bay ‘N’ Series and Bay New’ has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 14. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bays which are closer to the point are most frequently used. Bay New is used on all days except on Sunday. Bay New is used frequently on Thursday. 4. 2. 14. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘O’ Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 15. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bay Q10 is used more frequently on all days. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Some of the bays are utilized more often on Monday. Bay O08 is used less on all days. 4. 2. 15. Chart Representin g the Number of Times the Bay K Series Has Been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 16. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bay P05 is used frequently on all days. Bay P08 and P09 is used less on all days. Most of the bays are used frequently on Friday. 4. 2. 17. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘Q’ Series HAS BEEN Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. 4. 17. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Monday and Wednesday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bays which are closer to the point are most frequently used. 4. 2. 18. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘X’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 18. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are m ore frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bay X13 is used less. 4. 2. 19. Chart Representing the Number of Times the Bay ‘Y’ Series has been Utilized on a Particular Day for the Past Six Months on a Particular Day Chart No. : 4. 19. [pic] Inference: From the above chart it could be inferred that bays are more frequently used on Friday and Saturday. Very little number of goods arrives on Sunday. Bay Y13 is used less. 4. 2. 20. Chart and Table Representing the Number of Times the goods arrived to the warehouse on weekdays on the Past Six Months Table No: 4. 2. Day |MONDAY |TUESDAY |WEDNESDAY |THURSDAY |FRIDAY |SATURDAY |SUNDAY | |Units |1693 |687 |1203 |1333 |2482 |3113 |559 | Chart No. : 4. 20. [pic] Inference From the above chart it could be inferred that 29% of the times goods arrived on Saturdays. 22% of the times goods arrived on Fridays. 4. 2. 21. Chart and Table representing total number of Full Container Load (FC L) and Less Than Container Load (LCL) stuffed in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 Table No. : 4. . |Container Variety |FCL |LCL | |Numbers |108 |339 | Chart No. : 4. 21. [pic] Inference From the above chart and table it could be inferred in the past six months 76% of the total number of container stuffed in the warehouse was stuffed as LCL. 4. 2. 22. Chart and Table representing number of Full Container load and Less Than Container load stuffed on a weekday days in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 Table No. : 4. 4. Day |FCL |LCL | |Monday |20 |61 | |Tuesday |10 |82 | |Wednesday |14 |40 | |Thursday |8 |43 | |Friday |17 |43 | |Saturday |22 |35 | |Sunday |17 |35 | Chart No. : 4. 22. [pic] Inference From the above chart it could be inferred that in all weekdays more number of Less Than Container Load are stuffed than Full Container Load. On Tuesday about 80% more number of Less Than Container Load is stuffed than Full Container Load. On Tu esdays least number of Full Container Load is stuffed compared to other weekdays. On Tuesdays more number of Less Than Container Load is stuffed than other weekdays. 4. 2. 23. Chart representing the variety of container stuffed as Full Container load and Less Than Container Load stuffed in the warehouse from 3rd January 2008 to 10th January 2008 Table No. : 4. 5. Variety of Container |FCL |LCL | |20 Feet |80 |116 | |40 Feet |19 |88 | |40 High Cube |9 |132 | |45 Feet |0 |3 | Chart No. : 4. 23. [pic] Inference From the above chart and table it could be inferred that more number of Less Than Container Load is stuffed more than Full Container Load in all variety of containers. 20 Feet Container is stuffed more than other type of container. 100% of 45 Feet container is stuffed as Less Container Load. 4. 2. 24. Chart representing the variety of container stuffed on the weekdays on the past six months Table No. : 4. 6. |Container Variety | |Day | | | |20 Feet |40 Feet |40 High cube |45 Fee t | |Monday |659 |373 |529 |31 | |Tuesday |595 |270 |414 |23 | |Wednesday |529 |278 |478 |47 | |Thursday |523 |394 |443 |25 | |Friday 908 |611 |542 |19 | |Saturday |1086 |578 |712 |5 | |Sunday |45 |2 |6 |0 | |Total |4345 |2506 |3124 |150 | Chart No. :4. 24. [pic] Inference From the above chart it could inferred that in all the weekdays 20 Feet Container is stuffed more than all other container. About 85% of the container stuffed on Sunday is 20 Feet Container. In all weekdays 45 Feet container is stuffed less than 4%. Table No. : 4. 7. Table representing number of days, some packages stored on the warehouse, which are stuffed during 03/01/2008 to 10/01/2008. |SB No |Goods Inwards Date |Goods Outwards Date |No. f days the goods in the warehouse | |6204856 |24/12/2007 |3/1/2008 |11 | |6206601 |27/12/2007 |3/1/2008 |8 | |6206704 |20/12/2007 |3/1/2008 |15 | |6206743 |19/12/2007 |3/1/2008 |16 | |6207134 |21/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |15 | |6207739 |31/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |5 | |6208734 |24/12/2007 |3/1/2008 11 | |6208785 |27/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |9 | |6208856 |27/12/2007 |9/1/2008 |14 | |6208856 |29/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |7 | |6210319 |29/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |7 | |6210439 |28/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |8 | |6210508 |29/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |7 | |6210880 |31/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |5 | |6210900 |29/12/2007 |5/1/2008 |8 | |6211229 |31/12/2007 |4/1/2008 |5 | |6211742 |1/1/2008 |7/1/2008 |7 | |6211781 |2/1/2008 |8/1/2008 |7 | |6211819 |2/1/2008 |7/1/2008 |6 | |6211967 |2/1/2008 |7/1/2008 |6 | |6211968 |2/1/2008 |8/1/2008 |7 | |6212408 |4/1/2008 |10/1/2008 |7 | |6212552 |4/1/2008 |10/1/2008 |7 | |6213528 |5/1/2008 |10/1/2008 |6 | (SB: Shipping Bill) Inference From the above table it could be inferred that some of the packages are stored in the bay for more than 14 days. Most of the packages are stored more than 5 days. More packages are stored in the warehouse more 7 days. Chapter V Findings †¢ The bays X08 and D03 used the floor space more than the average floor space, since all the columns in the b ay are of height more than 1. 90 meters. The bays E10, G06, H08, G08, O06 and F05 have more unused space of about 6 CBM to 24 CBM, because 100% of the column present in bay are of height less than 1. 90 meters. †¢ Free space is created in the bay due to the columns of low height. †¢ Most of the bays are used frequently on Fridays and Saturdays. †¢ Most of the bay is left unused on Sundays. †¢ 22% of the goods arrive on Fridays. †¢ 29% of the packages arrive on Saturdays. †¢ Only 5% of the packages arrive on Sundays. †¢ 76% of the container stuffed in the warehouse is stuffed as LCL. †¢ About 90% of the total number container stuffed on Tuesday is stuffed as LCL. †¢ More number of 40 high Cube is stuffed as LCL Only about 10% of the 40 High Cube Container Stuffed on Tuesday is stuffed as LCL. †¢ On Tuesday more number of LCL is stuffed on the warehouse. †¢ More number of 20 Feet containers is stuffed on warehouse than other type of containers. †¢ 85% of the container stuffed on Sunday is 20 Feet Container. †¢ 45 Feet container is stuffed less than 4% in all the weekdays. †¢ Some of the packages are stored in warehouse more than 7 days. Chapter VI Conclusion Through the project the researcher was able to know about the importance of space management and various factors which affect the floor space utilization of the warehouse. This study gives the researcher an insight of the Export and Import warehouse functioning. The utilization of the floor space in the bay has been measured. The reasons for the inefficient usage of the floor space have been identified. The pattern of goods inflows and stuffing in the weekdays has been studied. The pattern of the usage the bays on the weekdays has been studied. Chapter VII Suggestions: †¢ By converting present storing system of warehouse to rack storing system. So that more number of packages can be stored. †¢ By installing rack storage system in bay X and Y and categorizing these shelves for the storage area of packages which will occupy less height in a column. †¢ Cost for storing the packages can be increased so that packages will not be accumulated for a long time. Storage charges for the packages in the warehouse are made when storage period exceed seven days. This storage period should be reduced. So that the packages will not mount up in the warehouse. Chapter VIII BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Logistical Management – â€Å"The Integrated Supply Chain Process† by Donal J. Bowersox and David J. Closs. 2. Logistics Engineering and Management –Sixth Edition by Benjamin Blanchard 3. Physical Distribution Management : Logistical Approach by Dr. K. K. Khanna 4. Business research Methods William G. Zikmud 5. www. fmdesktop. com/files/Download/BIM 6. https://www2. isye. gatech. edu/ideas/ Chapter IX APPENDIX Direct Observation Form |Date |Bay No. : |Measurement (cm) |No. of Columns |No. f units in each |Type of Package | | | | | |column | | | | |L |B or R |H | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "A Study on the Warehouse Space Management" essay for you Create order

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Different Aspects of Schizophrenia Essay - 1126 Words

Different Aspects of Schizophrenia The devastating mental illness of Schizophrenia is a major concern of modern medicine. Schizophrenia associates any one person with multiple problems. These problems include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized behavior (Long 1999). The illness is a disease of the brain that is explained clinically as, disease of the mind, a simple explanation given by Nancy Andreasen (1999). It is important to understand that there are different types of this mental illness as well. The different types are the paranoid, catatonic, disorganized, undifferentiated and the residual type. In cases of the paranoid type preoccupations with one or more delusions or frequent auditory hallucinations occur. The†¦show more content†¦This is not for lack of effort. Literally hundreds of causes have been proposed (Davidson 1995). They include viruses, accidental injury before and after birth, as well as illicit substances. However, only inherited factors are generally accepted as signifi cant causes. Evidence for such factors comes from everyday experience: It is common to find families with several affected members. While such clustering could also be due to shared non-inherited environmental factors, more convincing evidence has come from twin studies, as well as studies of ill individuals who were adopted away before the onset of illness. These studies do not suggest inherited factors as the sole causes (Mitchell 1991). As stated by Nancy Andreasen (1999) Schizophrenia is probably caused by these multiple environmental stimuli and a combination of inherited genes. A more reasonable explanation is that there are individuals who have an inherited proneness to illness. Such individuals may fall ill, if in addition, they are exposed to obnoxious factors in the environment such as drugs. It has already been proven that in the causation of diseases like diabetes and raised blood pressure. It is important to stress that statistical analysis does not support the presences of a single genetic factor in this scheme. Rather, the inheritance is probablyShow MoreRelatedThis Paper Will Discuss Different Aspects Of Schizophrenia.1841 Words   |  8 PagesThis paper will discuss different aspects of Schizophrenia. Schizophrenia is an illness that affects how a person thinks, feels, and acts. It affects each person differently both on a daily basis and over a lifetime. Living with schizophrenia may make it harder manage your feelings, think clearly and deal with other people on the daily basis. Many people who battle with this disorder have difficulty distinguishing between what is real and what is imaginary. Schizophrenics have a hard time in socialRead MoreSchizophrenia And Its Effects On Society1464 Words   |  6 PagesAccording to World Health Organization schizophrenia is listed as the second highest contributor to overall burden of diseases. 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Tuesday, May 5, 2020

Hard News vs. Soft News free essay sample

Hard News Vs. Soft News News stories are basically divided into two types: hard news and soft news. Hard new generally refers to up-to-the-minute news and events that are reported immediately, while soft news is background information or human-interest stories. Politics, war, economics and crime used to be considered hard news, while arts, entertainment and lifestyles were considered soft news. Hard news This is the term Journalists use to refer to news of the day. Hard news is a chronicle f current events/incidents and is the most common news style on the front page of your typical newspaper. Hard news gives readers the information they need. If the federal government announces a new youth initiative, its hard news the next day. Examples of hard news stories include reports on crime, court cases, government announcements, house fires, awards ceremonies, plane crashes, international events, etc. Hard news reporting uses clean and uncluttered writing. We will write a custom essay sample on Hard News vs. Soft News or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It may start with a summary lead that escribes what happened, where, when, to/by whom, and why (the Journalists 5 Ws). The lead must be brief and simple, and the purpose of the rest of the story is to elaborate on it. Soft News This is a term for news that is not necessarily time-sensitive. Soft news includes profiles of people, programs, or organizations. Feature stories take a step back from the headlines to explore an issue in depth. Written in the soft news style, they are an effective way to write about complex issues too large for the terse style of a hard ews item. A good feature might be about the people in your community and their struggles, victories and defeats, or maybe about a trip someone took to Africa as a part of a school project. A feature usually focuses on a certain angle, explores it through background research and interviews with the people involved, and then draws conclusions from that information. For an example, look at street kids. A hard news story must clinically report the relevant statistics: how many there are, where hey are, and what theyre doing. It usually relies on a time- sensitive hook for example, the release of a new study, a demonstration by street youth or the untimely death of a young person on the streets. A feature on street youth is not limited in such a manner. It might be written over a longer period of time, and allows the unique and detailed stories of street kids individual lives to be expressed. Hard news is the actual report of what has happened in a simple, clear, and accurate manner. This type of news story never distorts, misrepresents or gives wrong facts. It draws no conclusions, ,makes no accusations, offers no opinions and does not indulge in any speculations. Hard news are facts and statistics. Soft news is explanatory and opinionated one. It tells about background; draws conclusions, features, editorials and interpretive and investigative news are all soft news. If a fire breaks-out in the city, its news is hard news, but if you go into details about what caused the fire it is soft news. Hard News vs. Soft News By Monikamr

Sunday, April 12, 2020

Rules of the Game by Amy Tan an Example of the Topic Literature Essays by

Rules of the Game by Amy Tan Amy Tan, author of the international best-seller novel, Joy Luck Club, continued to explore the relationships of Chinese women and their Chinese-American daughters through her various published books such as The Kitchen Gods Wife, The Hundred Secret Senses, The Bonesetters Daughter and her latest book titled, Rules of the Game. Need essay sample on "Rules of the Game by Amy Tan" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed College Students Frequently Tell EssayLab professionals: Who wants to write paper for me? Specialists suggest: Essaylab.Com Can Provide You With The Winning Academic Essay Essay Paper Writing Service Get Paid To Write Papers For Students Paper Writing Service Best Essay Writing Service Reviews The Rules of the Game book took off from Tans Joy Luck Club novel portrayed by one of the primary character, Waverly Jong. Nicknamed MeiMei by her family, Waverly narrated her childhood experiences and perspectives as she is time and again influenced by her Chinese and American upbringing, providing conflict to the story as she try to navigate both traditional Chinese culture and the divergent melding culture of Chinese Americans. When she was still young, Waverly was raised in a Chinese culture, surrounded by Chinese traditions and environment as her family live in San Franciscos Chinatown. Her mother, Mrs. Jong, prepared her in her journey towards adulthood through a valuable Chinese teaching called the art of invisible strength. This strategy can be used for winning arguments, gaining the respect of other people, and winning at a later date, which Waverly found out chess games. At age six, Waverly learned to play chess by initially learning the rules by her own and by continuously playing with an old man named Lau Po who taught her complex chess strategies with Chinese names like The Double Attack from the East and West Shores, Throwing Stones on a Drowning Man, The Sudden Meeting of the Clan, A Double Killing Without Blood, and many others. The girl continued to study and join chess tournaments such that at age nine, she is already considered a national chess champion. Waverly is just 429 points away from attaining the grand master status. As the story revolved around Waverlys chess games, the teachings of her mother continued to guide her in her path. Through the art of invisible strength, Waverly slowly found and developed her own inner strength and self-control. She was also taught that invisible strength may also represent female power and the power of foreigners as opposed to the local Americans where foreigners like the Chinese would have to learn the culture and live with it. The power of women as an invisible strength is depicted in this story through the girls journey towards unconventional paths of using her ability to persuade, to shape, control events and to win against male-dominated arenas such as chess games. This symbolism is shown through a magazine message by Bobby Fischer, a chess grandmaster, that there will never be a woman grandmaster. The power of foreigners were also shown here as the power to succeed in a land that is strangely different from what the girl and her family knew of. The conflict between two different cultures Chinese and American and the merging of the two for second-generation settlers (like Waverly) are narrated as little tidbits that add up as the girl grew up. Example of this is the picture-taking scene in front of Hong Sings restaurant where it is known that the live fish and turtles are doomed for cooking. Waverly and some of her friends were taken pictures by a Caucasian man as if they are strange people living in an exotic land. In Waverlys first chess tournament, she played against a fifteen-year old boy who wrinkled his nose at her to show that he was not impressed. Another is the definition of torture of Mrs. Jong as opposed to its American meaning. She doesnt really know what a Chinese torture is, but she knows that Chinese work hard, do business, medicine and paintings. She believes that Chinese people are not lazy as compared with Americans such that Chinese torture is the best torture indeed. The main conflict in the story revolved around Waverlys chess winnings and her mothers pride in her. She is slowly feeling embarrassed and a little angry with her mother for always telling people that she is her daughter who always won chess games. It came to a point when Waverly intentionally informed her mother not to use her so that she can show off to other people. This made her mother very angry with her that she was later ignored in the dinner table. Waverly did not understand her mothers pride of her achievements which also extends to her family. Her mothers influence and teachings to her is slowly readying the girl into a path that is full of rules and would need great strength from within. The girl is embarrassed by her mothers pride, which made her hurt her mother. On the other hand, her mother might have other motives for teaching Waverly nuggets of wisdom based on Chinese culture. Definitely, she would not want to lose her little girl to the American way of thinking; influences that are not fully encouraged in a Chinese traditional culture. The narration of the story was from the girls childhood perspective and did not refer to anything that would have happened when she is already an adult. It portrayed the various stages that the girl went through as she narrated that in the beginning, she was more influenced by her Chinese heritage. Later on, as she begun to play chess, she begun to change such that the merging of Chinese-American culture is slowly developing and gaining strength inside her; appreciating what both can do for her to be successful in life. The conflict in identity is one of the main themes of the story. The teaching of the art of invisible strength and the various scenes narrated along the way all gave insights into the complexities of being a hyphenated American and yet, connected by blood and bonds to another culture and country. Another major theme is the conflict between mothers and daughters, creating a powerful and moving story about irony, pain and sorrow, and the imperfect and many ways in which mothers and daughters love each other. Each of the primary characters tried to show their love for each other in their own ways and yet, surrounded by two cultures that sometimes bind and sometimes break, they each have to learn the ways on how to join each others aspirations and dreams and show true love against all odds. The title, Rules of the Game is aptly given when the themes and central ideas are assessed. The story forces Waverly to discover what game she is playing, how to play it masterfully, what are the rules that she must follow in order to succeed and achieve in her goals. This chess game is a metaphor for her struggle with her Chinese mother. Waverly is the primary actor winning chess games but her mother is also playing her greatest game, which is to win against Americans and to prove the superiority of Chinese people against them. In the final scene, Waverly was left alone to learn and discover what she should do next as she plotted her moves against her mother. The invisible strength that her mother taught her is already at play as she silently contemplated her next moves. Another concept that can be seen in the story is the concept of feminism. Just like the story of Mulan, the Rules of the Game showed that adolescents learn to deal with crises by experience and as a result, they grow and mature. Girls like Waverly and Mulan also learned their place as women in addition to dealing with male resentment that arises when they succeed in their chosen paths. Both characters have inner strengths that were slowly developed and nurtured by their surroundings and experiences. These strengths were harnessed and learned so as to be utilized fully when needed. Both girls were taught the art of invisible strength such that even when they are forced to conform to the societys expectations of them, there is self-control and inner strength that guides them to be non-conformists, enabling them to find their own paths towards self-attainment. Mulan fought like a man for her country and Waverly played chess and won numerous games in a male-dominated arena. Both acted outside of the box and both succeeded and learned. Waverly used her own strength, her mothers teachings, and her own ability to think quickly to defeat her opponents time and again. She has to learn to win against her chess opponents and against her mother who is slowly pressuring her to win more, lose less. The story somehow represented the confusion and bewilderment that first generation Americans felt; how they are finally forced to turn away from their parents customs and traditions, heritage and culture, and try to find their own paths and succeed amidst numerous challenges and battles. Amy Tan once again provided readers with a story that reaches across cultures and generation. Just like her Joy Luck Club novel, the Rules of the Game is clearly written and the lucidity of vision were presented in such a way that you appreciate each characters portrayal, understanding their motives and somehow emphatizing with them. The story inspires us to also have that art of invisible strength as each one of us plot our lives and strive to attain our visions and goals in life. References: Amy Tan: Best Selling Author of the Joy Luck Club A New York Times Bestseller. English 111: Amy Tan, Rules of the Game. Hooks, Amy. How to be a Girl: Problems with Feminism in Rules of the Game and Mulan. (2002). Summaries and Commentaries: Waverly Jong Rules of the Game.

Tuesday, March 10, 2020

Hector of Troy essays

Hector of Troy essays Hector one of the best-known warriors in history. Hector the true leader of the Trojan army and protector of the city of Troy. Hector was the eldest son of Priam and Hecuba.1 In addition; Hector was the best warrior in all of Troy. Hector was the brother of Paris, Helenus and Cassandra.2 The young prince of Troy, sought after a wife. He found Andromache, he married her, and she was the daughter of the king of Thebes. After the you prince and princess have gotten married they had a son. Hector was the father of Astyanax (Scamandrius).3 He was a well-respected Trojan commander and a tremendous hero for Troy, but he was not only a favorite of mere mortals, his liking extended to even the gods. Apollo and Zeus favored Hector above all the other Trojans. In the last year of war, with withdrawal of Achilles from battle because of his quarrel with Agamemnon, Hector's prowess in battle rose to great height, inspired by the gods, Zeus and Apollo.4 At the height of Hectors power, he would challenge the Greek soldiers, which none of them even stood a chance against him. He challenged the Greeks to fight him in single combat.5 Even though the regular soldiers did not stand a chance against his military prowess, other heroes of the Trojan War also tried to defeat him. Some of the famous heroes were Diomedes and Odysseus, however they never have fought against Hector in combat. Many heroes volunteered, including Diomedes and Odysseus, but drawing lots, Ajax won the right to fight Hector. Ajax, also known as Telamonian Ajax or the Greater Ajax. Ajax fought against Hector in single combat to a draw, which they afterward exchange gifts: Hector giving Ajax his sword in return for Hector receiving Ajax's belt.6 Even though Hector was a great warrior and commander. When Hector was matched by Ajax and Diomedes they have over came him with their strength and number, though they never defeated him. He was the best warrior on the Trojan sid es; Ajax and...

Sunday, February 23, 2020

The Darwinian Economy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Darwinian Economy - Essay Example During a House Financial Services Committee hearing, it was put across that the simplest way to frame regulation was capital. Capital informs the amount of risk that financial institutions can take overall. It assures that the institutions have cushions that can absorb extreme shocks. Capital requirements are designed so as, given the uncertainty about the future and ignorance that there is concerning some elements of risk, it will ensure a greater cushion for absorption of loss and save bankers from consequences of judgment mistakes, as well as global uncertainty. The debate on whether to regulate or not to regulate has a great deal at stake. The global financial systems and their stability are dependent on adequate and effective capital requirements for these institutions with the 2008 crisis revealing vital problems with requirements as they currently stand (Ferguson, 2012: p1). However, economic recovery prospects, in Britain, the EU, and the US are heavily dependent on a steady credit flow, as well as lending. In addition, the available evidence is suggestive of the fact that over the top increment of capital requirements, in deed, will cause a credit crunch. Therefore, while financial institutions do require some level of regulation, they should not be over-regulated. Regulatory Failure Regulatory requirements of capital are not equally effective in their totality, especially because of two essential pitfalls that they are susceptible to; discretionary recognition of loss by regulators and bankers and discretionary bailouts by their governments (Barth et al, 2010: p34). Discretionary loss recognition refers to the use of practices of accounting that act to alter the meaning of capital. Instead of utilizing market based concepts, such as bank stock prices, so as to measure risk, as well as establish capital needs, regulators are reliant on concepts of accounting. They check on the bank’s books, rather than on the market assessments of the firmâ€⠄¢s held value. Regulatory capital, therefore, is referred to as accounting residual, i.e. the difference between asset accounting value and debt accounting value (Barth et al, 2010: p34). Accountants, book value, of course, are subject strict requirements of law. However, these requirements provide the regulators and bankers with discretion, especially concerning timing, which allows them to delay the acknowledgement of problems, as well as acting on these problems (Barth et al, 2010: p36). In addition, neither regulators nor bankers tend to recognize losses fully during poor economic conditions. The bankers will usually prefer to use delay tactics, such as ever greening, i.e. re-lending of money to the delinquent borrowers in order for these borrowers to pay back ballooning costs of debt service using even more debt to mask their problems. Bank regulators, on their part, always crave system stability, especially forbearance, to avoid worsening or precipitating a crisis. Therefore, they find ways to utilize their allotted discretion so as to downplay the size of losses in order for the banks not to require lost capital replacement (Barth et al, 2010: p34). When the above-mentioned practices are done on a large scale, they can have disastrous results. In the preceding events of the 2008 financial crisis, for instance, their combination caused a failure in the replacement of bank capital in time, which led to an intensification of the eventual

Friday, February 7, 2020

Annotated bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 12

Annotated bibliography - Essay Example The former one is completely opposed to this notion and instead claims that all that a person does is a result of choice. The question therefore is normally asked as to whom between the two is right. Whereas history does indeed play a role in one’s behavior, does it mean that the person committing a crime or violence is not responsible? This essay’s purpose is to assert that humans have freewill and that for every action taken, no one is really compelled. Decision and influence are two distinct things, which ought to be treated as such to avoid the confusion of determinism. Whereas, it could be true that one’s decision or its magnitude may be somehow influenced by the past, the actions taken by a person is not devoid of their consciousness and approval. That is to say, history may have a role in a decision but the person taking it is very much aware of it and by no means are they doing it without knowledge. According to (Cohen p.15), whenever one is taking a particular action there is full understanding and knowledge of its likely outcome and this therefore negates any claim of determinism. If every decision is taken based on the history then creativity and invention have nothing to be attributed to since they did not exist before. The proponents of determinism claim that a decision is greatly, if not fully, influenced by one’s history. For instance, if a man witnessed violence while growing up, there would no way to stop them from engaging in the same. However, Howard, George, and Diane (p.67), who reported that other factors that could alter a person when they are growing up, have disputed the above assertions. It therefore means that even if one witnessed violence, it does not automatically mean they will follow suit. The creativity demonstrated by individuals is not in any way influenced by experiences one had while growing up. Instead, the mind tends to focus on making new things. Similarly, one who involves in

Wednesday, January 29, 2020

Race and Crash Essay Example for Free

Race and Crash Essay The writer of Crash shows racism, prejudice, discrimination, and attitudes of different ethnic groups in the movie. Crash shows societies racial-discrimination through schemas on how stereotypes and the primary effect influence the characters, and their processes of social perception. Paul Haggis showed the hatred and racial-discrimination portrayed by individuals based on their ethnicity. Every ethnic group has certain stereotypes known about them; these stereotypes influence others views about them. In Crash, individuals who are white, African American, Latino, Iranian, Asian, and Mexican crash together. Each character was linked to all the others through an event. The setting is in Los Angles where many races collide together in a series of nonviolent and violent encounters. Crash begins by showing the lives of the main characters and the psychological issues they go through each day, because of the prejudice based on the stereotypes that prevent each individual from seeing the other person for who he or she is, consequently showing the terrible expanding of the self-fulfilling insights. Many of the characters have been through some king of experience, which led to the way they are. Perception in my definition is a person’s ultimate view of the world. The movie Crash touches on the ideal of perception in America. It also deals with racist relations that some people don’t realize. Crash forces you to look at what we think we know about these issues and forces you to look at them from a point of view that may not have previously considered. The movie gives me the perspective that life isn’t about different races coming together and trying to live in one world but life is all about perception. When I was watching the movie Crash, I realize that some of the views that they portrayed, I hear them and sometimes see them every day. Everyday people judge others on how they look and how they speak. People don’t realize how much others judge people and how we build relationships. Some of the views that were in Crash happen in life around the world. For example at the end of the movie when the police officer was driving the African American and they got into an argument. He then tries to pull out a figurine of a saint to show a young police officer, the officer mistakes the gesture for Peter pulling out a gun and shoots him. Our perception is usually shaped by culture. If a person gets robbed by a Latino person, they most likely will be scared of that race. Or they will probably think that all Latinos are robbers. If you meet an African American male or female, and they talk in Ebonics or slang, some people might categorize him or her as a thug and a criminal.

Monday, January 20, 2020

The Salem Scare Essay -- Literary Analysis, Arthur Miller

On the day of the hangings at Gallows Hill, many watched as friends and family were executed for crimes they had not committed. Arthur Miller wrote about that which preceded this morbid event in The Crucible. The story, which catalogs the witchcraft trials of Salem, was not an unprovoked piece of literature. At the time Miller wrote the play, America was dreadfully close to war with Russia, and many believed that communists were infiltrating the government. Joseph McCarthy was a man who oftentimes would accuse people of being â€Å"Reds.† Arthur Miller was one of the victims of McCarthy's verbal attacks. Although Arthur was in no way a communist, denying the accusation made others think he was guilty. This Catch-22 scenario reminded Arthur of the Salem Witchcraft trials of the late 1600's. Although the two events were hundreds of years apart, the â€Å"Red Scare† and the Salem Witchcraft Trials were very much alike. Frenzy was the main component of each happening, and this frenzy resulted in the unjust prosecution of many individuals. The definition, theme, and how the theme relates to my daily life are crucial to understanding The Crucible. The definition of â€Å"crucible† is â€Å"a test†. Throughout the play, many of Salem's inhabitants are tested in various ways. Of all the characters within The Crucible, there are three who had to make major decisions that would not only affect themselves but also affect the accused. John Proctor, a man who had quite a good reputation in Salem, underwent a test of moral integrity. Throughout the story, he is plagued with the guilt of having had an affair with Abigail, and in order to save his wife, must confess this sin to the court. Before his wife, Elizabeth, is taken to jail, she tells John this... ... By reading about how people within the play responded to their tests, one can reflect upon how they respond to their own tests in day to day life. The theme of how fear and suspicion feed upon themselves and result in the destruction of public order and good sense can show one the serious repercussions that come with not considering all scenarios and letting fear take control. How the theme applies to my daily life provides one with a real world example of how fear can break down reason and create unnecessary turmoil. Fear is a recurring emotion within Salem, and one that many in the village did not keep under control. This fear became a monster that consumed the town and unjustly killed many. In modern society, controlling our fear can save innocent lives and reputations and prevent occurrences such as the Salem Witchcraft Trials from ever happening again.

Sunday, January 12, 2020

Equal Distribution of Income Essay

The fair distribution of income may be the most value-laden of all economic goals; it is certainly the most controversial. When it comes to dividing the total national output, there can be many interpretations of what makes for a fair division of wealth, as there are people. The issue of income equalization is further complicated by regional differences, as identified in the article. The equalization program, which is funded through general tax revenue collected from all Canadians, transfers dollars to poorer provinces so they can offer programs and services reasonably comparable to those offered in the wealthier provinces, at similar levels of taxation. There is a controversial overhaul of transfer payments under study by federal government. The six â€Å"have-not† provinces are splitting $15. 4 billion in equalization payments in 2012-13: Quebec ($7. billion), Ontario ($3. 3 billion), Manitoba ($1. 7 billion), New Brunswick ($1. 5 billion), Nova Scotia ($1. 3 billion) and Prince Edward Island ($337 million). The other four provinces (B. C. , Alberta, Saskatchewan and Newfoundland and Labrador) are considered to have greater revenue-generating capacity and don’t currently qualify for equalization. The Conservative government has been examining substantial changes to the $15. -billion federal equalization program that could dramatically affect transfers sent to provinces and their ability to pay for programs and services. The concern in this article is the proposal, if implemented, could have multibillion-dollar consequences on hydro-producing provinces such as Quebec, Manitoba, British Columbia, and possibly Newfoundland and Labrador. Any reforms to how hydroelectricity is calculated in equalization would almost certainly prove to be one of the most contentious issues, especially in the hydro-producing provinces. The current equalization program calculates 50 per cent of a province’s natural resource revenues in determining its revenue-generating ability — or â€Å"fiscal capacity† — and whether it deserves an annual equalization payment. But, the economic value of hydroelectricity isn’t necessarily calculated the same as oil and gas, partly because of the difficulty in determining the value of hydro power due to a lack of a competitive market in Canada. However, any changes to how hydroelectricity is calculated in equalization could have a â€Å"huge impact† on how much — if any — a province receives from Ottawa in equalization. For example, some studies have suggested Quebec could lose billions of dollars in equalization payments if the true value of hydroelectricity were calculated in the program. If the true economic value of the hydroelectricity were calculated, it would amount to a larger fiscal capacity for equalization-receiving provinces such as Quebec and Manitoba and possibly mean billions of dollars less in federal payments sent to those provinces in the coming years. I feel that the issue of equalization payments with regard to hydroelectricity generating provinces is a controversial one. Although, my opinion on such is that these â€Å"have† provinces (Quebec, Manitoba, British Columbia, and Newfoundland and Labrador) which are producing the hydroelectricity should be compensated for such. Due to the fact that hydroelectricity isn’t calculated like another resource doesn’t mean these hydroelectricity providing provinces should suffer. Currently, the equalization program takes into account differences in revenue-generating capacity among the provinces, but not the varying costs of providing services in each of the jurisdictions. Considering the revenues from hydro generation account for less than 20 per cent of total natural resource revenues across the country. However, hydro makes up nearly 80 per cent of natural resource revenues of equalization-receiving provinces, making it particularly important for distribution of equalization. Regardless if one province would suffer dramatically, I feel it is important to focus energy on this matter as the other â€Å"have† provinces could also benefit.